The prefix “n-“
The prefix “n-” (or normal) is used when all carbons form a continuous, unbranched (linear) chain. If a functional group (such as an alcohol) is present that functional group is on the end of the chain. Not to be confused with ‘nor’, which indicates a missing methyl group
IUPAC name: pentane
The prefix “iso“
The prefix “iso” is used when all carbons except one form a continuous chain. This one carbon is part of an isopropyl group at the end of the chain.
IUPAC name: 2-methylbutane
The prefix “neo”
The prefix “neo” is used when all but two carbons form a continuous chain, and these two carbons are part of a terminal tert-butyl group
IUPAC name: 2,2-dimethylpropane
The prefix “sec“
The prefix “sec” or “s” is used when the functional group is bonded to a secondary carbon. This prefix is only useful for a four-carbon chain. It is not applicable with a shorter chain, and it is often ambiguous when the chain has five or more carbons.
IUPAC name: 2-butanol
The prefix “tert”
The prefix “tert” or “t” is used when the functional group is bonded to a tertiary carbon.
IUPAC name: 2-methyl-2-propanol
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